Donato Acciaiuoli, Charlemagne’s Life

Differences between fols. 2r and 6r

Artists' Materials

The differences between fols. 2r and 6r support the stylistic attribution to different artists.

The visual differences between the cherubs (putti) painted on both pages, such as the colour of their robes and of the clouds under their feet, correspond to a different choice of materials. The clouds are painted with shell gold on fol. 2r, while red lead is used on fol. 6r. In both cases, they are highlighted with lead-tin yellow. The cherubs’ blue robes contain ultramarine on fol. 2r, while azurite shaded with a red dye is present on fol. 6r.

Lightbox: 150
1
Details of animals in the upper border under magnification (7.5x).
Lightbox: 151
2
Detail of a cherub feeding a bird under magnification (7.5x).
Lightbox: 146
3
Detail of the golden cloud below the cherub’s foot under magnification (60x), with yellow highlights also visible. XRF analysis (below) confirms the presence of shell gold (Au), probably mixed with a small amount of lead white (Pb).
Lightbox: 147
4
Detail of the cherub’s blue robe under magnification (20x), showing blue particles in a white matrix. Translucent purple outlines define the folds and a brown wash is present in the shadows. The FORS spectrum of the robe (below) shows the characteristic features of ultramarine blue and lead white.
Lightbox: 145
5
Detail of the modified dedication of the manuscript to Louis IX under magnification (7.5x). The XRF spectra below show subtle differences between the original ink (red line) and the ink used to change the king’s name (blue line).

Author’s prologue

Donato Acciaiuoli’s prologue addressed to Louis XI opens with a title and an initial C executed in gold leaf. The initial is enveloped in white vine scroll on blue, pink and green background, which also forms the full border, inhabited by cherubs (putti), birds and deer (hotspots 1 and 2). The border also includes medallions with a child’s head and an armoured warrior’s bust, and the royal arms of France supported by putti. The latter show subtle visual and material differences with the putti painted in the same position on fol. 6r (hotspots 3 and 4), supporting the attribution of the decoration to two different artists.

Above the prologue, the name of the French king in the dedication written in gold ink has been amended: LOISIUM (which remained unchanged on fol. 1v) was scraped away and replaced with LODOVICUM. The gold ink used for the substituion is slightly different in composition from the one used elsewhere on the page (hotspot 5).

Related content: Donato Acciaiuoli, Charlemagne’s Life

Related content: Lab