The Pabenham-Clifford Hours
Tooling and decoration of the gold leaf
Artists' Techniques
The burnished gold leaf, applied over a chalk ground, was incised with lines and dots. Additionally, on fol. 2v, spirals were painted over the gold with an arsenic sulphide yellow pigment, possibly orpiment. On fol. 3r the spirals were created with shell gold instead and the surface was further embellished with a pattern of azurite blue fleurs-de-lis.