Heraldic arms combining the ermines of Brittany with the fleurs-de-lis of France, and portraits at the Primer’s beginning and end, connect the Primer with Anne of Brittany, queen to two successive French kings, Charles VIII (1483-1498) and Louis XII (1498-1515).
Anne was pregnant numerous times and gave birth to at least fourteen children, but only two survived to adulthood: Claude (1499-1524), and her sister, Renée (1510-1574). A full-page miniature showing the queen praying to St Claude serves as a frontispiece to the work (fol. 2v/p. 1).
